Ankle Monitoring: Launching A Business In Surveillance

Ankle monitoring is a form of surveillance that uses an electronic device affixed to an individual's ankle to track their movements and activities. While it is promoted as a humane alternative to jail, private companies often charge defendants hundreds of dollars a month to wear these devices, and if they can't pay, they may end up behind bars. Starting an ankle monitoring business can be lucrative, with companies earning up to $85,000 per month in recurring revenue. However, there are ethical considerations and potential drawbacks to this type of business. In this paragraph, we will explore the complexities of the ankle monitoring business and discuss whether it is a viable and ethical enterprise.

Understanding the market for ankle monitoring

Ankle monitoring, or electronic tagging, is a form of surveillance that uses an electronic device affixed to a person's ankle. The market for ankle monitoring services has grown significantly in recent years, driven by several factors such as the rise in mass incarceration, the high cost of incarceration, and the search for alternatives to incarceration during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the United States, the number of people in jails and prisons increased by over 500% in the past five decades, and the cost of incarceration has soared to $87 billion annually. As a result, politicians and criminal justice reformers have advocated for alternatives to incarceration, such as ankle monitoring, which is seen as a more cost-effective and humane option. This has led to a growing demand for ankle monitoring services, with more than 125,000 people in the criminal justice system being supervised with monitors in 2015, up from 53,000 in 2005.

Ankle monitoring is often used as a condition of bail or probation, allowing individuals to avoid jail time while still being monitored by law enforcement. It is also used in immigration contexts and healthcare settings, such as with elderly patients or those with dementia. The use of ankle monitoring in these contexts has generated some controversy and concerns about privacy and human rights.

The cost of ankle monitoring can vary depending on the jurisdiction and the company providing the service. In some cases, individuals may be charged hundreds of dollars a month to wear the device, which can be a significant financial burden, especially for those who cannot afford it. This has led to criticisms that ankle monitoring contributes to the criminalization of poverty and creates a two-tiered justice system where wealthier individuals can avoid incarceration by paying for ankle monitoring.

Despite the criticisms, ankle monitoring has been shown to be effective in certain cases. A study of 75,661 Florida offenders placed on home detention found that those who wore electronic tags were 91.2% less likely to abscond and 94.7% less likely to commit new offenses compared to those without tags. Additionally, ankle monitoring can provide law enforcement with real-time data and alerts, allowing for prompt responses to any breaches or violations.

The market for ankle monitoring services is expected to continue growing, particularly as technology advances and makes the devices more compact, cost-effective, and easier to integrate with other tracking technologies. However, it is important to carefully consider the potential drawbacks and ethical implications of this technology to ensure that it is used responsibly and does not contribute to further injustice or discrimination.

The legal and ethical considerations of ankle monitoring

When considering starting an ankle monitoring business, there are several legal and ethical factors to take into account.

Firstly, the use of ankle monitors raises legitimate privacy concerns. Balancing the interests of public safety and the need for individuals' right to privacy is crucial. To address this, authorities typically implement ankle monitors within a legal framework that outlines specific guidelines and procedures for their use. This includes putting safeguards in place, such as limiting access to location data to authorised personnel only. It is essential that the deployment of ankle monitors aligns with local laws and regulations, providing a fair and transparent monitoring process while respecting the privacy rights of the individuals being tracked.

Additionally, the use of ankle monitors has been criticised for exacerbating systemic inequities along lines of race, class, and disability. For example, studies have shown that in certain jurisdictions, Black people are more likely to be electronically monitored than white people. The fees associated with wearing ankle monitors can also be burdensome, ranging from $3 to $35 per day, with additional setup charges. This can be particularly challenging for households already dealing with the financial strain of a family member's incarceration. Furthermore, the stigma, social isolation, and stress associated with being monitored can exacerbate mental health issues such as depression and anxiety for wearers.

From a legal perspective, it is important to ensure that the use of ankle monitors is authorised by the appropriate legal framework. This includes obtaining any necessary licences or permits, and complying with privacy and data protection regulations. Ankle monitoring businesses must also ensure that they are not discriminating against individuals based on protected characteristics, such as race or disability.

In terms of ethical considerations, it is important to weigh the benefits of ankle monitoring, such as reducing jail overcrowding and facilitating rehabilitation, against the potential negative impacts on individuals' privacy, freedom of movement, and mental health. Ankle monitoring businesses should also consider the potential for their services to be used in a discriminatory or unethical manner, such as in the case of monitoring psychiatric and dementia patients, which has been criticised by mental health advocates.

Overall, while ankle monitoring can provide an alternative to incarceration and facilitate rehabilitation, it is important to carefully consider the legal and ethical implications and ensure that appropriate safeguards are in place to protect the rights and well-being of those being monitored.

The technology behind ankle monitoring devices

The Early Days of Ankle Monitoring

The concept of electronic monitoring was first explored in the early 1960s by researchers at Harvard University, led by Ralph and Robert Gable (originally Schwitzgebel). Their portable electronic tag, called the "behaviour transmitter-reinforcer", could transmit data between a base station and a volunteer simulating a young adult offender. The device was designed to send positive reinforcement messages to the wearer to assist in their rehabilitation. Despite initial scepticism and ridicule, the technology laid the foundation for future developments.

GPS and Radio Frequency Technology

Ankle monitoring devices have since been combined with Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to enable real-time location tracking of individuals. This allows authorities to monitor the whereabouts of those wearing the devices and ensure they adhere to any imposed restrictions. However, GPS technology is not without its limitations, and for short-range monitoring, radio frequency technology can be utilised. Radio signals transmitted from the device can be picked up by a receiver, providing a cost-effective alternative to GPS.

Alcohol Monitoring

In addition to location tracking, ankle monitoring technology has also been developed to monitor alcohol consumption. The Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitoring (SCRAM) device, for example, records sweat samples every 30 minutes and alerts authorities if alcohol is detected. This technology has been implemented in several US states and in England, where it is known as "sobriety tags".

Smartphone Integration and GPS-Enabled Clothing

The integration of ankle monitoring technology with smartphones has also been explored. Location-based apps can utilise GPS data to determine an individual's approximate location. Furthermore, companies have created GPS-enabled uniforms and backpacks, particularly for school children. These innovations allow for the immediate summoning of security agents by pressing a button, enhancing personal safety.

Challenges and Criticisms

While ankle monitoring technology has advanced, it has also faced challenges and criticisms. Technical difficulties, such as GPS tracking glitches and false violations, have been reported. Additionally, the cost of these devices is often passed on to the wearer, creating a financial burden, especially for those from low-income backgrounds. There are also concerns about the effectiveness of the technology in rehabilitating individuals and reducing recidivism rates.

Future Innovations

Despite the challenges, there are ongoing innovations in the field of ankle monitoring. GPS monitoring vendors are now offering smartphone applications that verify an individual's location through voice and face recognition technology. These applications offer increased convenience and discretion, potentially normalising surveillance while also reducing the physical constraints of traditional ankle bracelets.

In conclusion, the technology behind ankle monitoring devices has evolved significantly since its inception, incorporating GPS, radio frequency, and alcohol-monitoring capabilities. While challenges and criticisms exist, ongoing innovations continue to shape the future of this technology, aiming to balance surveillance, rehabilitation, and individual freedoms.

How to market your ankle monitoring business

Marketing your ankle monitoring business will be key to its success. Here are some strategies to consider:

Identify your target market

First, identify your target audience. This may include individuals who are looking for an alternative to jail or those who are required to wear an ankle monitor as a condition of their release or probation. Understanding the needs and preferences of your target market will help you craft effective marketing messages and reach the right people.

Develop a strong value proposition

Clearly articulate the benefits of your ankle monitoring service to potential customers. Highlight how it can help them maintain their freedom, save money (compared to jail), and provide a more humane alternative to incarceration. Emphasize the convenience and flexibility that your service offers, such as the ability to continue working or attending school.

Utilize digital marketing channels

Build a professional website that explains your services, pricing, and contact information. Optimize the website for search engines by using relevant keywords and phrases to improve your online visibility. Consider investing in search engine marketing and social media advertising to reach a wider audience.

Collaborate with legal professionals

Develop relationships with defence attorneys, probation officers, and prosecutors who can recommend your services to their clients. Offer them information and resources about your ankle monitoring program and its benefits. You could also consider hosting educational events or webinars to engage and inform these professionals about your business.

Offer competitive pricing and payment plans

Research the prices offered by your competitors and try to match or beat them. Consider offering flexible payment plans to make your services more accessible, especially for those who may be struggling financially. Ensure that your pricing is clearly communicated on your website and marketing materials.

Highlight technology and features

Ankle monitoring technology has advanced, and you can use this to your advantage in your marketing. Highlight the features of your devices, such as GPS tracking, water resistance, and long battery life. Emphasize the reliability and accuracy of your monitors to build trust with potential customers.

Marketing an ankle monitoring business requires a thoughtful and sensitive approach. By implementing these strategies, you can effectively reach and attract your target audience, while also addressing any concerns or misconceptions they may have.

The cost of running an ankle monitoring business

Initial Setup Costs

Ankle monitors themselves can cost governments between $800 to $1,500 per device. Additionally, there may be a one-time setup fee for each client, which typically ranges from $100 to $200. This fee covers the cost of installation and any other initial services provided by the monitoring company.

Monthly Costs

The monthly cost of ankle monitoring can vary depending on the provider and the type of monitor used. Basic radio-frequency monitors typically cost around $5 to $10 per day, while GPS-enabled monitors with real-time tracking capabilities range from $12 to $15 per day. Some companies may also charge a monthly fee, typically between $30 to $60, for ongoing monitoring services.

Variable Costs

The cost of ankle monitoring can also vary depending on the length of time an individual needs to wear the device. Longer monitoring periods may result in higher costs. Additionally, some states may charge on a sliding income scale, so the client's financial situation can impact the overall cost.

Operational Costs

Running an ankle monitoring business also entails operational costs such as leasing or purchasing monitoring equipment, employing staff for installation, maintenance, and removal of devices, and covering any overhead expenses such as office space and utilities. These costs can vary depending on the size and location of the business.

Revenue and Profitability

Ankle monitoring businesses can generate revenue by charging their clients directly for the use of the devices and associated services. The revenue potential can be significant, as demonstrated by Moon Security Services, which earns up to $85,000 per month in recurring revenue by charging $13.50 per day to each client wearing the bracelet.

Frequently asked questions