Focusing A Folding Camera: Tips For Sharp Shots

Focusing a folding camera can be a tricky task, especially for those new to using this type of camera. The process involves several steps, including opening the bellows, setting the correct shutter speed and aperture, cocking the shutter, focusing the lens, and winding the film. While some folding cameras feature a built-in rangefinder to assist with focusing, others rely on zone focusing or manual estimation of the distance to the subject. It is generally recommended to stop down the aperture to f/8 or smaller to increase the depth of field, making it easier to achieve accurate focus. Additionally, maintaining proper shutter maintenance is crucial, as older shutters may become gummed up and slow over time, affecting the accuracy of shutter speeds.

Use a hand-held laser rangefinder to measure the distance to your subject

A hand-held laser rangefinder is a convenient and precise tool for measuring the distance to your subject when using a folding camera. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to use one effectively:

Battery Installation and Replacement:

• Press the release button and push it to the left to remove the rear cover.
• Open the battery compartment and install or replace the battery, ensuring it is an alkaline battery.
• Reattach the back cover along the groove until it clicks into place.

Powering the Rangefinder:

• Briefly press the red "READ" key to turn on the device. The lights, battery level, and a beep will be indicated on the display.
• The rangefinder will automatically turn off if no buttons are pressed for 150 seconds.

Clearing Measurements:

• Use the red "OFF/CLEAR" button to reset the device to normal mode and return to zero.
• This can be done before or after taking measurements.

Setting the Measurement Reference Edge:

• Press the measurement reference selection key until the desired edge is displayed.
• If the fixed baffle below the instrument is opened, it will automatically identify and set the correct measurement reference edge.

Taking Measurements:

• Press the "READ" key to activate the laser beam.
• Aim the rangefinder at the subject and press "READ" again to get the distance measurement.
• The distance will be displayed on the screen in the specified unit.

Minimum and Maximum Measurements:

• Hold the "READ" key until you hear a beep to enter continuous measurement mode.
• Sweep the laser back and forth over the target multiple times.
• Press "READ" again to exit this mode and view the maximum or minimum distance measured.

Additional Functions:

The hand-held laser rangefinder can also perform addition and subtraction calculations, area and volume measurements, indirect measurements using the Pythagorean theorem, and store constants for easy recall.

Safety Precautions:

• Avoid looking directly at the laser launch port, as this can damage your eyes.
• Do not use a sighting telescope to observe smooth reflective surfaces, as this can also be harmful to your eyes.

By following these steps, you can effectively use a hand-held laser rangefinder to measure the distance to your subject, aiding in focusing your folding camera.

Set the focus on your camera to match the distance measured

Setting the focus on your camera to match the distance measured is a crucial step in achieving sharp and well-focused images. Here are some detailed instructions to help you master this technique with your folding camera:

Understand the Basics of Focus Measurement:

Start by understanding the relationship between focus and distance. The focus of your camera lens is determined by the distance between the lens and the subject you are photographing. By adjusting the focus, you are essentially telling the lens which light rays at a specific distance you want to bring into sharp focus on the film or sensor plane.

Utilise the Camera's Focusing Features:

Familiarise yourself with the focusing features of your folding camera. Some cameras may have built-in rangefinders that allow you to measure the distance to your subject and adjust the focus accordingly. Others may have distance markings on the lens or a focusing ring that you can use to set the desired distance. If your camera has a coupled rangefinder, it will automatically adjust the lens focus as you focus through the rangefinder.

Estimate Distance and Use Depth of Field:

If your folding camera doesn't have a rangefinder, don't worry. You can estimate the distance to your subject and use depth of field to your advantage. Most folding cameras perform best when stopped down to f/8 or smaller apertures, which gives you a generous depth of field. This means that even if your distance estimation is slightly off, your subject will still be in an acceptable focus range.

Take Multiple Measurements:

When composing your shot, consider taking multiple measurements, especially if you have multiple subjects at different distances. Measure the distance from the film/sensor plane of your camera to each subject or important element in the scene. For humans, focus on the eyes, as it's crucial to keep them in sharp focus.

Use Reference Marks:

In scenarios where your subjects are moving or the distance is challenging to estimate, look for reference marks. Find objects in the scene, such as a couch, a table, or a bookshelf, that you can measure to and use as reference points. This way, you can adjust your focus based on the subjects' positions relative to these reference objects.

Practice and Refine Your Technique:

Finally, practice makes perfect. The more you use your folding camera and apply these focusing techniques, the better you will become at estimating distances and setting the focus accurately. Don't be afraid to experiment and fine-tune your approach until you consistently achieve well-focused images.

Use a separate, external rangefinder to focus your camera

Using a separate, external rangefinder is a great way to focus your folding camera, especially if your camera doesn't have a built-in rangefinder or viewfinder. This method has been used by photographers for decades and can help you achieve precise focus for your shots. Here's a guide on how to use an external rangefinder effectively:

Choosing an External Rangefinder

Firstly, you'll need to choose an external rangefinder that suits your needs. Some popular options include the Watameter, Leitz, and Blik. The Watameter and Leitz are known for their precision and accuracy, but they can be harder to find and more expensive. On the other hand, the Blik is more affordable and still gets the job done. Consider your budget and the features that are important to you when making your choice.

Calibrating Your Rangefinder

Before you start using your external rangefinder, it's important to calibrate it to ensure accurate focus. You can do this by measuring the distance to an object using a tape measure and then adjusting the rangefinder until it matches the measured distance. This process will help you achieve accurate results when focusing your camera.

Using the Rangefinder with Your Folding Camera

Once your rangefinder is calibrated, you can attach it to your folding camera's accessory shoe or cold shoe mount. This will allow you to use the rangefinder to determine the distance to your subject and set the correct focus on your camera. Remember that external rangefinders are uncoupled, so you'll need to manually adjust the focus on your lens based on the distance reading from the rangefinder.

Focusing Techniques

When using an external rangefinder with your folding camera, there are a few focusing techniques that can help you get the best results:

• Zone Focusing: This technique involves choosing a comfortable distance from your subject and focusing the lens to that distance. You can then adjust your aperture to control the depth of field and ensure that your subject remains in focus. This method is great for street photography or situations where you want to capture moving subjects.
• Fine-Tuning with the Viewfinder: After setting the initial focus with the rangefinder, you can use your folding camera's viewfinder to fine-tune the focus. Look through the viewfinder and make small adjustments to the focus ring until your subject appears sharp and clear. This technique ensures precise focus, especially when shooting with fast lenses.
• Metering Off Your Hand: Before taking a shot, hold up your hand in front of the lens and meter the light reflecting off your skin. This will help you set the correct exposure for capturing skin tones accurately.
• Awareness of Lighting Conditions: Pay attention to the lighting around you and adjust your exposure settings accordingly. Lighting conditions can change quickly, so be prepared to adapt your settings to maintain proper exposure.

Using an external rangefinder with your folding camera may take some practice, but it can be a valuable skill to have. It allows you to achieve precise focus and capture sharp images, even in challenging lighting conditions. With the right techniques and a well-calibrated rangefinder, you'll be able to create stunning photographs with your folding camera.

Guess the distance to your subject and set the focus accordingly

Focusing a folding camera is a skill that requires practice and precision. Here are some tips to help you master the art of guessing the distance to your subject and setting the focus accordingly:

• Understand the concept of focus and distance: The focus of a camera is determined by the distance between the lens and the subject. By adjusting the lens, you can control which light rays at a certain distance are captured by the film or sensor plane, resulting in a sharp image.
• Use a tape measure: While you can become good at guessing distances, a tape measure will provide the most accurate results. Measure the distance from the camera to the subject and adjust your lens accordingly. This is especially important when dealing with shallow depths of field, where only specific parts of the subject need to be in focus, such as the eyes in a portrait.
• Utilize reference objects: If your subject is not stationary, such as when filming a fight scene, use reference objects in the room to measure the distance. Find points in front of, beside, and behind the action to prepare for any scenario. During the scene, match the position of the actors to these reference points and adjust your focus accordingly.
• Consider the limitations of your equipment: Different lenses have different limitations, such as minimum focus distance. Take these into account when guessing the distance and setting your focus. Additionally, some older folding cameras may have issues like gummed-up shutters or damaged lenses, which can affect your ability to focus accurately.
• Use focusing aids: Some folding cameras have built-in rangefinders that allow you to measure the distance to your subject and adjust the focus accordingly. You can also use separate hand-held rangefinders or even an SLR camera to measure distances and set the focus on your folding camera.
• Master zone focusing: Many folding cameras use a zone focusing system, where you estimate the distance and set the focus using distance and depth-of-field markings on the lens. Familiarize yourself with these markings and practice estimating distances to improve your zone focusing skills.
• Understand hyperfocal distances: Hyperfocal distance is the distance you focus your lens on to achieve maximum depth of field, with objects from half that distance to infinity appearing sharp. This concept is especially useful when shooting scenes that include infinity.
• Stop down your aperture: By using a smaller aperture (higher f-stop number), you increase the depth of field, making it easier to keep your subject in focus. This gives you some leeway in your distance estimations while still achieving sharp images.

Use a manual focus camera to determine the distance to your subject

Focusing a manual camera can be challenging, but it's a skill that's easy to pick up with a bit of practice. The first step is to identify the distance to your subject. This can be done by using a separate rangefinder or by estimating the distance. Once you have a rough idea of the distance, you can use the distance scale on your lens to fine-tune your focus.

If your lens has a distance scale, turn the focusing ring until the distance marker aligns with the bar at the top of the lens. If there are no distance markings, you can estimate the distance by using the "hyperfocal distance" method. This involves focusing on an object that is roughly halfway between the closest and farthest objects in your scene. This technique ensures that both the foreground and background are acceptably sharp.

For more precise focusing, you can use the "quick-and-dirty method". First, manually focus on the closest object in your scene. Then, focus on the farthest object. Finally, adjust the focusing ring until the foreground and background appear equally blurry. This indicates that you've found the optimal focus distance.

With some practice, you'll be able to determine the distance to your subject and adjust your manual focus with ease. Remember to consider the aperture and depth of field to ensure that your desired areas of the image are in focus.

Frequently asked questions